D-tagatose is a rare natural monosaccharide. It is a ketose form of galactose and a differential isomer of fructose. The sweet characteristics are similar to sucrose, and the heat generated is only one third of sucrose, so it is called low calorie Sweetener . Tagatose has excellent nutritional characteristics such as low caloric value, zero blood glucose generation index, blood glucose passivation, caries free, prebiotic effect and Antioxidant activity.
Physiological Function
1. Low heat
The absorption rate of D-tagatose in human small intestine is only 20% - 25%. Most tagatose is catabolized by bacteria after entering the large intestine. D-tagatose can be catabolized through tagatose-6-phosphate pathway, which exists in some microorganisms and does not exist in higher animals. The absorption rate of D-tagatose in the small intestine is very low. The part not absorbed by the small intestine reaches the large intestine and is completely fermented by microorganisms in the intestine. A large number of short chain fatty acids are almost completely absorbed and metabolized. These short chain fatty acids play an important role in maintaining the normal function of large intestine and the morphology and function of colonic epithelial cells, and they also affect the species and physiological state of intestinal flora. The fermentation process produces relatively low energy, and some energy is lost with the increase of microbial excreta. Relevant studies also show that D-tagatose can inhibit colon cancer and intestinal pathogens. Therefore, the energy produced by the catabolism of tagatose is much lower than that of sucrose. Using tagatose instead of sucrose in diet can effectively reduce the incidence of obesity.
2. Reduce blood sugar
Studies have shown that there are no significant changes in blood glucose and insulin levels after intake of tagatose. Moreover, TG can also inhibit the absorption of glucosamine from the small intestine, which can effectively reduce the phenomenon of hyperglycemia caused by glucose intake in diabetics, and has the role of adjuvant therapy in patients with type 2 diabetes.
3. Improve intestinal flora
D-tagatose is selectively fermented by some microbial flora in the colon to promote the appreciation of probiotics. It is a good prebiotic. At the same time, a large number of beneficial short chain fatty acids produced by tagatose fermentation play a good role in inhibiting colon cancer, inhibiting intestinal pathogens and promoting the growth of beneficial bacteria. Therefore, D-tagatose can improve intestinal flora and maintain intestinal health.
Use of tagatose
1. For food
The safety, production and marketing of tagatose have been approved by more than 30 countries such as China, the European Union, the United States, Australia, New Zealand and South Korea, as well as who / FAO and Codex Alimentarius Commission, and there are no restrictions on its daily allowable intake and use.
2. For drugs
It has been authorized by the US FDA to complete the phase III clinical trial of type three diabetes and the preclinical trial of glycerol resistance.
3. Other purposes
The TG has been approved by the US FDA as pharmaceutical excipient, used for moistening throat tablets, over the counter drugs, diabetes cough syrup, chewing antibiotic tablets, non steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and paediatric drugs. FDA approved tagatose to replace sucrose and other sweeteners in toothpaste, mouthwash and cosmetics
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