Berberine Hydrochloride has inhibitory effects on Shigella, Escherichia coli, Diplococcus pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus, typhoid bacillus and Amoeba protozoa. Clinically, it is mainly used for intestinal infection and bacillary dysentery. It is also found that this product has the effect of anti arrhythmia. Berberine has strong antitumor activity in vivo and in vitro and can induce the differentiation of B16 cells; It has synergistic effect with cytarabine hydrochloride in vitro.
Purpose
Berberine hydrochloride
An isoquinoline alkaloid. Molecular formula [c20h18no4] +. Also known as berberine. It exists in many plants of 4 families and 10 genera, such as Berberidaceae. Berberine can precipitate yellow acicular crystals from ether. Melting point 145 ℃. Soluble in water, insoluble in benzene, ether and chloroform. Berberine is a quaternary ammonium alkaloid, and its salts have low solubility in water. For example, hydrochloride is 1 ∶ 500 and sulfate is 1 ∶ 30. The crystal of berberine precipitated from water or dilute ethanol has 5.5 molecules of crystal water; If it crystallizes from chloroform, acetone or benzene, it also carries corresponding crystallization solvent molecules. Berberine can be treated with different bases to obtain three different forms of berberine: quaternary ammonium, aldehyde and alcohol, of which quaternary ammonium is the most stable. Berberine has antibacterial effect on hemolytic streptococcus, Staphylococcus aureus, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Shigella flexneri and Shigella dysentery, and can enhance leukocyte phagocytosis. Berberine hydrochloride (commonly known as berberine hydrochloride) has been widely used in the treatment of gastroenteritis and bacterial dysentery. It also has a certain effect on pulmonary tuberculosis, scarlet fever, acute tonsillitis and respiratory tract infection.
Pharmacology
Pharmacodynamics
It has a wide antibacterial spectrum and has antibacterial effect on a variety of gram-positive and negative bacteria in vitro, including hemolytic streptococcus, Staphylococcus aureus and Vibrio cholerae. Meningococci, Shigella dysentery, typhoid bacilli and diphtheria bacilli have strong inhibitory effects. They inhibit bacteria at low concentration and sterilize at high concentration. It can also inhibit influenza virus, amoeba protozoa, leptospira and some skin fungi. In vitro experiments confirmed that berberine could enhance the phagocytosis of leukocytes and hepatic reticuloendothelial system. Shigella, hemolytic streptococcus and Staphylococcus aureus are very easy to develop drug resistance to this product. This product has no cross resistance with penicillin, streptomycin, etc.
Pharmacokinetics Poor oral absorption. After injection, it quickly entered various organs and tissues, and the blood drug concentration was maintained for a short time. The blood concentration after intramuscular injection was lower than the minimum inhibitory concentration. Drugs are widely distributed, mostly in heart, bone, lung and liver. The retention time in the tissue is short, and only a small amount remains after 24 hours. Most drugs are metabolized and cleared in the body. They are discharged in their original form within 48 hours, accounting for less than 5% of the dosage. Recently, it has been reported that this product can reduce the number of pili on the surface of bacteria, so that bacteria can not adhere to human cells and play a therapeutic role. This product also has an effect on Helicobacter pylori, and can reduce gastritis, gastric and duodenal ulcer. 
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