Phaseolin is a secondary metabolite of kidney bean induced by external stimulation (biological and abiotic factors). It is a plant defensin. The molecular formula is c20h18o4 and the molecular weight is 322.4. It has a variety of pharmacological activities, such as inhibition α- Amylase, estrogen activity, potential antitumor effect, etc. However, studies have shown that kidney beans will not produce Phaseolin without external pressure or external stimulation.
Material source
Phaseolin is a secondary metabolite of kidney bean induced by external stimulation (biological and abiotic factors). It is a plant defensin. Studies have shown that red kidney bean and mung bean can produce plant antitoxins when treated with biological or abiotic inducers, such as insect bites, microorganisms and chemical substances. These substances have good antifungal activities, including Phaseolin and kievitone. It was also found that in addition to inducers, damaged or infected beans could also detect low concentrations of phytoantitoxins.
Pharmacological Activity
Inhibition α- amylase
Many plants produce α- Amylase inhibitors, which can resist insects and protect plants. These inhibitors are divided into three types. Phaseolin was first isolated in the 1970s. It is a protein associated with a sugar called glycoprotein. such α- Amylase inhibitors can effectively resist animals α- Amylase, but has no effect on the corresponding microbial or plant enzymes.
α- There are two types of amylases. One of them is the salivary component, the so-called salivary amylase. It plays a role when people begin to chew food and remains partially active after food is swallowed. Most of these starches are broken down by pancreatin in the small intestine, another type of starch that can be inhibited by Phaseolin α- Amylase. use α- Amylase inhibitors have been out of favor since the 1980s. But in the 21st century, with the rise of low carbohydrate diet, people began to be interested in the second metabolites of these plants again. One of the reasons for this phenomenon is the improvement of protein purification, because these compounds were first discovered in the 1970s. But nowadays, purer samples are used instead of kidney beans with low concentration of Phaseolin. There are many suggestions on the role of Phaseolin. It is considered to reduce the starch decomposition rate of the digestive tract, so it can reduce the absorption of raw sugar in the small intestine. It is also believed that this effect will lead to a decrease in insulin release after eating. Doctors do not recommend relying solely on tonics to lose weight. It is best to combine appropriate exercise and dietary changes. As with all health products, it is best to consult a doctor before starting taking new nutritional supplements.
Estrogen activity
Stephen et al. (2011) used Aspergillus sojae as inducer to induce red kidney bean to produce apigenin. The effect of apigenin on the proliferation of MCF-7 cells and heek-293 cells was detected by ere luciferase. Through the binding affinity analysis with estrogen receptor (ER), it was proved that apigenin has estrogen activity and can be developed as a functional food ingredient.
Potential antitumor activity
W ä tjen et al. (2007) isolated two kinds of red sandalwood flavonoids from Erythrina addisoniae, namely Phaseolin and neolutenol, which can inhibit the growth of liver cancer cell H4IIE. Both substances can reduce the activity of ERK kinase, a mitogen activated protein kinase, which is related to cell proliferation. In addition, related studies have also shown that Phaseolin has potential antitumor activity and is likely to become a source of new antitumor drugs.
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