Oleanolic acid is a pentacyclic triterpenoid isolated from the fruits of Swertia or Ligustrum lucidum, which is a Gentianaceae plant. Oleanolic acid is widely distributed in plants, with a general content of 0.2% - 2% [1]. In Cucurbitaceae, the content of luoguodi is 1.5% - 2%, and the content of Ligustrum lucidum fruit is 0.6% - 0.7%. Oleanolic acid is white needle like crystal (ethanol), odorless and tasteless. It is unstable to acid and alkali. Melting point 308-310 ℃[ α] 20d + 73.3 ° (C = 0.15, chloroform), insoluble in water, soluble in methanol, ethanol, ether, acetone and chloroform.
Oleanolic acid is mainly extracted from Olea europaea L. leaves; Ligustrum Lucidum Ait; Swertia milleensis t.n.he et w.l.shi, a Gentianaceae plant; S. mussotii Franch; The leaves and roots of astrantia major L; The root bark and stem bark of Aralia chinensis L; The root tubers of Hemsleya macrosperma c.y.wu, Hemsleya amabilis Diels and Hemsleya chinensis cogn.
Oleanolic acid is a broad-spectrum antibacterial drug. It is used to protect the liver and reduce enzyme in clinic. It is used to treat bronchitis, pneumonia, acute tonsillitis, periodontitis, bacillary dysentery, acute gastroenteritis and urinary tract infection. In addition, it is also used in the treatment of acute hepatitis.
Pharmacological effect
1. Reducing liver injury: oleanolic acid is a pentacyclic triterpenoid, which has obvious protective effect on acute and chronic liver injury induced by carbon tetrachloride in rats. After treatment, the enlarged mitochondria and expanded rough endoplasmic reticulum were recovered. The balloon like degeneration, necrosis and inflammatory reaction of hepatocytes in acute and chronic liver injury were significantly reduced. The accumulation of triglyceride in liver decreased and glycogen increased.
2. Decrease the activity of serum alanine aminotransferase: oleanolic acid can obviously decrease the activity of serum alanine aminotransferase in animals with acute, chronic hepatitis and liver cirrhosis.
3. The decrease of serum r-globulin was consistent with the reduction of liver inflammation observed by histology.
4. Promote the regeneration of hepatocytes: oleanolic acid can significantly increase the number of mitotic phase in the residual liver of rats, and the degree of regeneration is higher than that of the control group, which indicates that oleanolic acid can promote the regeneration of hepatocytes.
5. Reduce the level of coonine in the brain homogenate of cirrhotic rats: because the level of coonine in the brain homogenate decreased significantly, it can inhibit the production of pseudo neurotransmitter, so it is conducive to the prevention and treatment of hepatic encephalopathy.
6. Inhibition of liver fibrosis: in rats with liver fibrosis treated with oleanolic acid, the proliferation of liver fibrosis was serious and significantly reduced, and the content of liver collagen decreased, suggesting that it has the effect of prevention and treatment of liver cirrhosis.
7. Oleanolic acid has obvious inhibitory effect on mononuclear phagocytic system, macrophage phagocytic function and experimental arthritis in mice, but has effect on humoral immune function and antigen binding cells. Enhance immunity and inhibit the growth of S180 tumor.
8. It can protect chromosome damage, prevent experimental atherosclerosis and correct protein metabolism disorder.
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