Dexamethasone Powder (DXMS) was first synthesized in 1957 and listed in the World Health Organization standard list of essential drugs. It is one of the essential drugs in the basic public health system.
In June 16, 2020, who novel coronavirus pneumonia in the UK showed that the initial clinical trial showed that dexamethasone could save the life of the patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome, and the mortality rate of the ventilator patients could be reduced by about 1/3. The mortality rate of the patients who only received oxygen inhalation could be reduced by about 1/5.
Brief introduction
Dexamethasone is cheap and usually costs less than $25 a month in the United States. In India, a course of preterm birth costs only $0.50 at a time. Dexamethasone is easily available in most countries. Dexamethasone is a synthetic corticosteroid that can be used to treat multiple symptoms, including rheumatic diseases, certain skin diseases, severe allergies, asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, hypersensitivity laryngitis, brain edema, and may be used in combination with antibiotics for tuberculosis patients. The pregnancy grade of this product in the United States is grade C, and the drug can be administered only when the drug effect is greater than the side effects; In Australia, it was rated as class A, indicating that this product is commonly used in pregnant women and there is no evidence that it will cause harm to the fetus.
Pharmacological Action
1. Anti inflammatory effect: it can reduce and prevent the reaction of tissue to inflammation, so as to reduce the performance of inflammation. Hormones inhibit the aggregation of inflammatory cells, including macrophages and leukocytes, phagocytosis, the release of lysosomal enzymes and the synthesis and release of inflammatory chemical mediators.
2. Immunosuppressive effect: it includes preventing or inhibiting cell-mediated immune response, delayed allergic reaction, reducing the number of T lymphocytes, monocytes and eosinophils, reducing the binding ability between immunoglobulin and cell surface receptors, and inhibiting the synthesis and release of interleukin, so as to reduce the transformation of T lymphocytes into lymphoblasts, And reduce the expansion of primary immune response. It can reduce the passage of immune complex through basement membrane and reduce the concentration of complement and immunoglobulin.
Indication
1. It can excite adenylate cyclase, inhibit phosphodiesterase and increase cAMP level, so as to improve bronchial function β The receptor is sensitive to adrenergic drugs and theophylline, which indirectly plays the role of bronchospasmolysis. And by exerting anti-inflammatory and anti allergic effects. To alleviate bronchospasm, reduce bronchial congestion and edema and reduce mucus secretion. 2. For the treatment of allergic diseases: such as allergic dermatitis, drug dermatitis (drug rash), seropathy, rhinitis, drug reaction, urticaria, allergic purpura, etc. 3. Shock: it can be used for the adjuvant treatment of septic shock, anaphylactic shock and cardiogenic shock caused by acute myocardial infarction or myocardial conduction block.
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