Sennosides are two anthrone derivatives in senna leaves. They are not only the effective part with high content in senna leaves, but also the main active component of senna leaves for diarrhea and hemostasis.
Plant overview
Senna narrowleaf mainly contains sennoside a, B, C and D, chrysophanol glucoside, emodin glucoside, Rhein glucoside, aloe emodin glucoside, emodin-8-o-sophoricoside and other anthraquinone glycosides.
Senna acuminata mainly contains sennoside a, B, C, chrysophanol glucoside, emodin glucoside, Rhein glucoside, aloe emodin glucoside, emodin-8-o-glucopyranoside and other anthraquinone glycosides.
Pharmacological Action
1. Purgative effect
This product has significant purgative effect on mice, rats, rabbits and other animals. Mice and rabbits cause diarrhea 2-4b after administration, and humans cause diarrhea about 6h after oral administration. Sennoside a has the strongest purgative effect. Although the purgative effect of sennoside C is similar to that of a, its content is very small. Sennoside a20mg / kg can cause diarrhea in mice. However, if 20% C is mixed into a, the effect of sennoside a can be enhanced by 1.6 times. Sennoside can be partially absorbed in the small intestine and then enter the large intestine through blood flow or bile, while it mainly enters the large intestine directly from the small intestine. Under the action of intestinal bacteria, it changes into anthrone rhein or anthrone-8-glucoside Rhein by hydrolysis and reduction. Because the purgative effect of direct injection of anthrone Rhein is not affected, and the production of anthrone rhein in the intestine is significantly reduced, it is considered that anthrone Rhein is the real component of purgative effect caused by sennoside. On the other hand, in overturning the small intestine and colon sac, sennoside can prevent the trans intestinal wall transport of glucose and Na, indicating that inhibiting the intestinal absorption of glucose, sodium and water, increasing the content of intestinal cavity, and then stimulating the intestinal wall to reflexively enhance the peristalsis of small intestine and colon may also be one of its diarrhea mechanisms, and the small intestine is also the action site of its diarrhea components.
2. Hemostatic effect
It is effective for gastric and duodenal bleeding. Senna leaf water extract is sprayed on the bleeding site of stomach under gastroscope. It can be seen that it has immediate hemostatic effect under direct vision. Intraperitoneal injection of senna total glycosides 200mg / kg could significantly shorten the bleeding time in mice. Oral administration of senna leaf can increase the number of platelets and fibrinogen content, shorten the coagulation time, thromboplastin time, plasma recalcification time and blood clot contraction time. In addition, the protective effect of senna leaf on gastric mucosal injury induced by hydrochloric acid and indomethacin in rats is also conducive to the prevention and treatment of gastric and duodenal bleeding.
3. Antibacterial effect
Senna leaf extract can inhibit a variety of bacteria, such as Escherichia coli, proteus, dysentery bacilli, Streptococcus A, white rosary beads and some pathogenic skin fungi.
4. Other functions
For rats with experimental intestinal infarction Yin, intraperitoneal injection of sennoside 50mg / kg can restore the reduced histamine content of intestinal mucosa to the normal level. In addition, it has been reported that this product has an arrow like effect, which can block the transmission of nerve muscle junction impulse, prevent the combination of acetylcholine and M receptor and relax the muscle.
5. Toxicity study
The LD50 of total Senna glycosides injected intraperitoneally into mice was 1.414g/kg, equivalent to 36.3g/kg of crude drugs.
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