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December 08, 2021
DNJ is a natural alkaloid found in Morus alba L. The Chinese name is 1-deoxynojirimycin with a molecular weight of 163.7. As a potent inhibitor of glucose metabolizing enzymes (e.g α- Glucosidase, hexokinase, glucuronidase and glycogen phosphatase, etc.), DNJ can significantly delay the degradation process of Polysaccharide, reduce the peak value of postprandial blood glucose and stabilize fasting blood glucose. In addition, DNJ has the effect of insulin sensitization to improve insulin resistance.
Discovery Process
In 1994, Asano et al. (carbohydrate research, 1994) isolated six alkaloids from mulberry leaves: DNJ, n-me-dnj, gal-dnj, Fagomine, DAB and calysteginb2.
In 1995, Kimura et al. (Trad. Med., 1995) studied the hypoglycemic effect of the above 6 compounds on Streptozotocin (STZ) diabetic mice. The results showed that DNJ and Fagomine had significant hypoglycemic effects.
In 1997, Kato et al. (NAT. Prod., 1997) determined the molecular structure of DNJ.
Hypoglycemic mechanism
Triple pathway jointly reducing blood glucose
As a potent inhibitor of glucose metabolizing enzymes (e.g α- Glucosidase, hexokinase, glucuronidase and glycogen phosphatase, etc.), DNJ can significantly delay the degradation process of polysaccharide, reduce the peak value of postprandial blood glucose and stabilize fasting blood glucose. In addition, DNJ has the effect of insulin sensitization to improve insulin resistance.
Reduce postprandial blood glucose. α- Glucosidase is mainly distributed in human small intestine and plays an important role in the decomposition of carbohydrates. They are responsible for the decomposition of oligosaccharides such as oligosaccharides in food into monosaccharides, such as glucose. These glucose enter the body through the intestinal wall, causing a sharp increase in blood glucose concentration. DNJ is natural and powerful α- Glucosidase inhibitors that bind competitively in the small intestine α- The affinity of glucosidase is higher than that of oligosaccharides such as sucrose and maltose α- Glucosidase has strong affinity and reduces oligosaccharides and α- The probability of glucosidase binding, so as to inhibit the decomposition of fructose into glucose, and a large amount of sugar will not be absorbed and sent to the large intestine. Due to the effect of DNJ, less glucose enters the blood, so blood glucose is worth maintaining at a healthy level.
Stable fasting blood glucose. DNJ has the inhibitory activity of glycogen phosphorylase, which can slow down the degradation of liver glycogen into glucose, so as to stabilize fasting blood glucose. The "excess" glucose in the human body is stored in the liver in the form of glycogen. Glycogen can be broken down into glucose under the action of glycogen phosphorylase and released into the blood to meet the needs of muscle and other organ activities. Glycogen is one of the main energy sources for physical activity. With the mutual transformation between glycogen and glucose, the blood glucose of normal people is in dynamic balance. In diabetic patients, due to dysfunction of glucose metabolism, too much glycogen will break down into glucose, resulting in an abnormal increase in fasting blood glucose. DNJ can inhibit the activity of glycogen phosphorylase and prevent the increase of blood glucose caused by excessive glycogen decomposition into glucose, so as to stabilize fasting blood glucose.
Improve insulin resistance. DNJ can improve the symptoms of insulin resistance by correcting lipid metabolism, slowing down glucose production and insulin sensitization. Insulin resistance refers to various reasons (mainly including genetic factors and obesity), which reduce the efficiency of insulin promoting glucose uptake and utilization, and the body compensatively secretes too much insulin. Insulin resistance produces hyperinsulinemia to maintain the stability of blood glucose in the body. If the human body is in the state of insulin resistance for a long time, it will greatly increase the burden of the pancreas. It may cause the pancreas to secrete the failure of insulin function and then develop into diabetes. DNJ can improve the symptoms of insulin resistance by maintaining healthy blood glucose, correcting lipid metabolism and increasing insulin sensitivity.
Efficacy characteristics
Natural health
As a natural product from mulberry leaves, DNJ has incomparable advantages over other hypoglycemic products. Non artificial chemical synthesis, good safety and no side effects. Experimental evidence shows that DNJ not only regulates blood glucose health, but also does not damage liver and kidney health and has no gastrointestinal side effects.
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