Tryptophan is also known as tryptophan β- Indolyl alanine, chemical formula C11H12N2O2, is one of the essential amino acids of human body. The appearance is white or yellowish crystal or crystalline powder, odorless and slightly bitter. It is slightly soluble in water, very slightly soluble in ethanol, insoluble in chloroform, easily soluble in formic acid, and soluble in sodium hydroxide test solution or dilute hydrochloric acid. Tryptophan is an important precursor of auxin biosynthesis in plants. Its structure is similar to IAA and widely exists in higher plants; It is also the precursor of serotonin, an important neurotransmitter in human body; It can be used as nutritional supplement for pregnant women and special milk powder for suckling children. It is used for niacin deficiency (pellagra). As a tranquilizer, it can adjust mental rhythm and improve sleep. It is also one of the raw materials of compound amino acid infusion.
Physiological function
Botany
Tryptophan is an important precursor of auxin biosynthesis in plants. Its structure is similar to IAA and widely exists in higher plants. Auxin can be synthesized by tryptophan in two ways:
(1) Tryptophan was oxidized to deamination to form indole acetone, and then decarboxylated to form indole acetaldehyde; Indoleacetaldehyde is finally oxidized to indoleacetic acid under the catalysis of corresponding enzymes.
(2) Tryptophan is decarboxylated to form tryptamine, and then oxidized by tryptamine to form indoleacetic acid.
animal Tryptophan can participate in the renewal of plasma proteins in animals, promote the role of riboflavin, contribute to the synthesis of nicotinic acid and heme, significantly increase the antibodies in fetuses of pregnant animals, and promote the lactation of dairy cows and sows during lactation. When livestock and poultry lack tryptophan, growth stagnates, body weight decreases, fat accumulation decreases, and testicles of breeding males shrink. It is used in medicine as a preventive and therapeutic agent for leprosy.
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