Tea yellow pigment, also known as theaflavin, is a golden yellow pigment existing in black tea and the product of tea fermentation. In biochemistry, tea yellow pigment is a kind of polyphenol hydroxyl substance with benzophenone structure. It is the first compound with exact pharmacological effect found in tea. Tea yellow pigment accounts for 0.5% to 2% of the weight of dry tea, depending on the method of black tea processing. Tea yellow pigment plays a certain role in the bright color and strong taste of tea soup. It is an important quality index of black tea.
Physiological Function
Theaflavin has strong physiological activities, such as Antioxidant, anti-cancer and anti-cancer, reducing blood lipid, preventing cardiovascular disease, antibacterial and anti-virus, and even has stronger efficacy than catechin in some aspects.
Anti cancer and anticancer effects
Tea has anti-cancer and anti-cancer effects. The main effective components are tea polyphenols, catechin monomers and tea pigments. Modern pharmacological activity studies show that theaflavin has anti mutation, inhibition of cytochrome P450 activity, inhibition of extracellular signal and proliferation of cancer cells, anti-inflammatory and cancer chemopreventive effects. According to literature reports, tea pigments have stronger antioxidant properties and good medical and health care functions than tea polyphenols, such as prevention of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, prevention of dental caries, anti-cancer and anti-virus. In recent years, many studies have studied the inhibitory effects of theaflavin monomers such as tf-3-g, tfdg and tf-3 '- G on human fibrosarcoma HT1080, megaphilic cells and mouse lung cells, and compared them with tea polyphenols to explore the mechanism. However, the separation of theaflavin monomer is very complex and the amount obtained is small, which brings many difficulties to the research work. Some scholars separated theaflavin monomers by high-speed countercurrent chromatography, which provided convenience for obtaining a large number of theaflavin monomers, and studied the biological activity of the growth inhibition of human gastric cancer cell line MKN-28, human liver cancer cell line BEL-7402 and human acute promyelocytic leukemia cell line HL-60. The results showed that all three theaxanthins inhibited the survival of human hepatoma cells and human gastric cancer cells in a dose-dependent manner. Theaxanthin diglyceride has good inhibitory activity on the growth of H1299 cells, with IC50 of 25 μ Mol / L, has the activity of regulating cell cycle, can increase the proportion of G1 phase cells of hct-1l6 cells, and can promote the apoptosis of hct-ll6 cells. The concentration is 50 μ The effect was significant at mol / L, and the apoptosis rate reached more than 40% at 48 h. Western blot analysis showed that it could reduce the expression of oncogenic protein factor BC1 XL and increase the expression of tumor suppressor protein factor Bax in hct-ll6 cells.
Antioxidation
Theaflavin realizes its antioxidant effect by regulating the activity of biological enzymes, directly eliminating free radicals, complexing with metal ions, and preventing the oxidation of low-density lipoprotein.
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